Improvements navigational instruments (sextant, octant, etc.) determination of latitude is becoming

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If we wanted to explore Africa, Spanish navigator of the 15th century to the first printed right to the west. After a short time, such a voyage, he would determine the exact amount of Northerners star (Polaris) above the horizon at that point, using the astrolabe, and then they turned lowes store hours the ship and sailed to the south, holding the line until you make a video, on the left side of the ship, west coast of Africa. Sailing further south along this coast, Northerners would have appeared to all lower on the horizon, until they completely turned the horizon when you get to the equator. There would be our navigator had to stop because of the onward journey to the south was impossible.
Simply, there was no fixed celestial rappers, such as Northerners, which would orient further offshore. He could only turn back the ship, to sail to the north, and, when he reached the place where the Northerners on the same level that was measured at the beginning of the trip, turned to the east and arrive at the port from which he walked. lowes store hours
This method of navigation, which is, in essence, relying only on the determination of latitude by the rapper reflected on the accuracy of the geographic map that at that time the sailors rules. Map of Africa, which dates from the 1554th year, it looks like this:
Until the equator (about the height of the top of the mast of the ship in the picture), the west coast of Africa is more detail, but the territory subekvatorijalne Africa is disproportionately small and reconstructed from the stories and legends of the passengers and sailors passed along. Thus, for example, a portion of unknown territory covering natives Monoculi (one-eyed), while the rest represented parrots and elephants - any kingdom or ports are not marked. For them, it just was not then known. (Africa is rounded 1488th time in making lowes store hours these maps was known that it is possible to arrive by boat back to Egypt.)
Improvements navigational instruments (sextant, octant, etc.) determination of latitude is becoming more precise and sailing the high seas is more developed. However, until the 1750s, there was no reliable method of measuring longitude. Longitude determines the distance in degrees, east or west, from a fixed location lowes store hours (Meridian) on Earth. For various historical reasons, this position is fixed to the meridian passing through Greenwich. In order to accurately determine their position at sea or ashore, one must also know the latitude and longitude positions on which it is located. Technically, this is called bikoordinatna folder Countries lowes store hours (includes two coordinates).
History of determining longitude is a fascinating story in itself, but I will not dwell on it. Suffice it to say that the sailors realized that the longitude is closely associated with the measurement of time, and, the development of reliable TT ride, longitude more precisely able to determine.
In principle, the measurement of time, man can use and its built-'''' biological clock. If someone from Serbia, for example, some arcane and fast way, while sleeping, transferred to New York, he found, when he wakes up at his usual time, that he woke up about six hours earlier, local time - instead it stood at 6 in the morning He got up at midnight. Based on this, would immediately knew it was shifted to the west for a quarter of the day, ie his longitude, relative to the starting position, is 90 degrees. This way of measuring time is, of course, can unreliable, lowes store hours and people needed a couple thousand years of technological development that would, with the help of satellites and GPS systems, radar and telecommunications, navigation has now become laser precision. The modern man is proud of this achievement and its uses it not only for navigation of ships, but also aircraft, tracking tagged animals (whales or elephants, for example) on land or at sea, or a bird in the air.
Following such a path of movement of migratory birds, birds, fish and turtles, which often shift the planetary lowes store hours distances during their seasonal migrations, lowes store hours the man was soon well that he had a beings through space, land, water or air, moving with the ease of someone who is navigating '' second nature''. They are moving through lowes store hours space with such great geographical precision lowes store hours that the ancient Polynesian sailors lowes store hours often use the direction of movement j